Positive-pressure needleless connectors did not increase rates of catheter hub colonization respecting the use of neutral-pressure needleless connectors in a prospective randomized trial / Los conectores sin aguja de presión positiva no aumentaron las tasas de colonización de las conexiones de catéteres en comparación con el uso de conectores sin aguja de presión neutra en un estudio aleatorizado prospectivo

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the colonization rates of central venous catheter (CVC) and arterial catheter (ArtC) hubs fitted with two types of needleless connectors (NCs). METHODS: We designed a prospective randomized study to compare rates of catheter hub colonization of CVC and ArtC hubs fitted with two types of needleless connectors: neutral-pressure NCs (NP-NCs) and positive-pressure NCs (PP-NCs) in critically ill patients. All NCs were replaced every 7 days of use. RESULTS: We obtained 326 cultures from 146 catheters (81 CVC and 65 ArtC) in 70 patients. The total cumulative days of risk were 1250 catheter-days. Global swab cultures were positive in NP-NCs in 29/198 (14.6%) versus 17/128 (13.3%) in PP-NCs during catheter use. We did not observe any cases of CRBSI. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, the use of PP-NCs did not result in significantly more frequent hub colonization with respect to NP-NCs

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las tasas de colonización de las conexiones de catéteres venosos centrales (CVC) y catéteres arteriales (ArtC) equipados con 2 tipos diferentes de conector desinfectable (CD) en pacientes críticos. MÉTODOS: Realizamos un estudio aleatorizado prospectivo. Los 2 tipos de conectores desinfectables comparados fueron un conector de presión neutra (CDPN) y un conector de presión positiva (CDPP). Todos los CD fueron reemplazados cada 7 días de uso. RESULTADOS: Obtuvimos 326 frotis de las conexiones de 146 catéteres (81 CVC y 65 ArtC) en 70 pacientes, con un total de días de riesgo de 1.250. Los cultivos fueron positivos en 29/198 (14,6%) de los CDPN respecto a 17/128 (13,3%) en los CDPP (p: NS). No hubo ningún caso de bacteriemia por catéter. CONCLUSIONES: En nuestra experiencia, el uso de CDPP no supone un aumento en la tasa de colonización de las conexiones respecto a los CDPN

Positive-pressure needleless connectors did not increase rates of catheter hub colonization respecting the use of neutral-pressure needleless connectors in a prospective randomized trial.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the colonization rates of central venous catheter (CVC) and arterial catheter (ArtC) hubs fitted with two types of needleless connectors (NCs). METHODS: We designed a prospective randomized study to compare rates of catheter hub colonization of CVC and ArtC hubs fitted with two types of needleless connectors: neutral-pressure NCs (NP-NCs) and positive-pressure NCs (PP-NCs) in critically ill patients. All NCs were replaced every 7 days of use. RESULTS: We obtained 326 cultures from 146 catheters (81 CVC and 65 ArtC) in 70 patients. The total cumulative days of risk were 1250 catheter-days. Global swab cultures were positive in NP-NCs in 29/198 (14.6%) versus 17/128 (13.3%) in PP-NCs during catheter use. We did not observe any cases of CRBSI. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, the use of PP-NCs did not result in significantly more frequent hub colonization with respect to NP-NCs.

Inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment in older people with bacteremic urinary tract infection who reside in nursing homes: A multicenter prospective observational study.

AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the rate of inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment in older nursing home residents with bacteremic urinary tract infection and its influence on prognosis. METHODS: We carried out a multicentric prospective observational study in five Spanish hospitals. Patients aged >65 years with pyelonephritis or urinary sepsis with bacteremia were included. Clinical characteristics, the percentage of inadequate empirical antibiotic treatment, length of hospital stay and mortality were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 181 patients, 54.7% women, were included in the study, and 35.9% of the patients came from nursing homes. These patients had higher percentages of ultimately or rapidly fatal disease (92.3% vs 53.4%; P < 0.001), were older (83.15 ± 6.97 years vs 79.34 ± 7.25 years; P = 0.001) and had higher Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (28.38 ± 8.57 vs 19.83 ± 5.88). The percentage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases was higher in patients from nursing homes (30.6% vs 16.3%; P = 0.045), as was the percentage of inadequate empirical antibiotic treatment (40% vs 20.7%; P = 0.005). Length of hospital stay was longer (10.82 ± 3.62 days vs 9.04 ± 4.88 days; P < 0.001). However, 30-day mortality was not related to nursing home by multivariate analysis (OR 1.905, 95% CI 0.563-6.446; P = 0.300). CONCLUSIONS: Nursing home patients with bacteremic urinary tract infections had a higher rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriacea and inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment. Clinicians should consider these findings and avoid inappropriate antimicrobial agents for empirical treatment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1112-1117.

The clinical impact of bacteremia on outcomes in elderly patients with pyelonephritis or urinary sepsis: A prospective multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Bacteremia is common in severe urinary infections, but its influence on the outcomes is not well established. The aim of this study was to assess the association of bacteremia with outcomes in elderly patients admitted to hospital with pyelonephritis or urinary sepsis. METHODS: This prospective muticenter observational study was conducted at 5 Spanish hospitals. All patients aged >65 years with pyelonephritis or urinary sepsis admitted to the departments of internal medicine and with urine and blood cultures obtained at admission to hospital were eligible. Transfer to ICU, length of hospital stay, hospital mortality and all cause 30-day mortality in bacteremic and non-bacteremic groups were compared. Risk factors for all cause 30-day mortality was also estimated. RESULTS: Of the 424 patients included in the study 181 (42.7%) had bacteremia. Neither transfer to ICU (4.4% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.400), nor length of hospital stay (9.7±4.6 days vs. 9.0±7.3 days, p = 0.252), nor hospital mortality (3.3% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.187), nor all cause 30-day mortality (9.4% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.223) were different between bacteremic and non-bacteremic groups. By multivariate analysis, risk factors for all cause 30-day mortality were age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.10), McCabe index ≥2 (OR 10.47, 95% CI 2.96-37.04) and septic shock (OR 8.56, 95% CI 2.86-25.61); whereas, bacteremia was inversely associated with all cause 30-day mortality (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15-0.71). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, bacteremia was not associated with a worse prognosis in elderly patients with pyelonephritis or urinary sepsis.

2016 Expert consensus document on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of short-term peripheral venous catheter-related infections in adult / Documento de Consenso sobre la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las infecciones por catéter venoso periférico en adultos

The use of endovascular catheters is a routine practice in secondary and tertiary care level hospitals. Short peripheral catheters have been found to be associated with the risk of nosocomial bacteremia resulting in morbidity and mortality. Staphyloccus aureus is mostly associated with peripheral catheter insertion. This Consensus Document has been elaborated by a panel of experts of the Spanish Society of Cardiovascular Infections in cooperation with experts from the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, Spanish Society of Chemotherapy and Spanish Society of Thoracic-Cardiovascular Surgery and aims at define and establish the norm for management of short duration peripheral vascular catheters. The document addresses the indications for insertion, catheter maintenance and registry, diagnosis and treatment of infection, indications for removal and stresses on continuous education as a driver for quality. Implementation of this norm will allow uniformity in usage thus minimizing the risk of infection and its complications (AU)

El uso de catéteres vasculares es una práctica muy utilizada en los hospitales. El uso de catéteres venosos periféricos de corta duración se ha asociado con un elevado riesgo de bacteriemia nosocomial, lo que comporta una no despreciable morbilidad y mortalidad. La etiología de estas infecciones suele ser frecuentemente por Staphylococcus aureus, lo que explica su gravedad. En este documento de consenso, elaborado por un panel de expertos de La Sociedad Española de Infecciones Cardiovasculares con la colaboración de expertos de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna, La Sociedad Española de Quimioterapia y la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Torácica y Cardiovascular, pretende establecer unes normes para un mejor uso de los catéteres venosos periféricos de corta duración. El Documento revisa las indicaciones para su inserción, mantenimiento, registro, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las infecciones derivadas y las indicaciones para su retirada; haciendo énfasis en la formación continuada del personal sanitario para lograr una mayor calidad asistencial. Seguir las recomendaciones del consenso permitirá utilizar de una manera más homogénea los catéteres venosos periféricos minimizando el riesgo de infección y sus complicaciones (AU)

Epidemiología de la sepsis grave adquirida en la comunidad. Estudio de base poblacional / Epidemiology of community-acquired severe sepsis. A population-based study

Antecedentes y objetivo: La mayoría de los estudios destinados a conocer la incidencia de sepsis grave poseen limitaciones metodológicas que condicionan resultados difícilmente comparables y poco aplicables a la hora de estimar los recursos necesarios. Nuestro objetivo es conocer la incidencia real de sepsis grave de adquisición comunitaria que requieren de UCI y analizar aspectos epidemiológicos relacionados. Pacientes y método: Estudio observacional prospectivo en una base poblacional de 180.000 adultos>15 años y un hospital general de 350 camas de hospitalización con 14 camas de UCI. Se registrarontodos los pacientes con sepsis grave o shock séptico adquiridos en la comunidad, con requerimiento de ingreso en UCI, durante un período de 9 años. Las variables recogidas fueron: edad, sexo, SAPS II, días de estancia en UCI, tipo de infección, microorganismo aislado y fallecimientos (durante su estancia en UCI). Se ha realizado un análisis estadístico bivariante y una regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: Se incluyeron 917 episodios en pacientes con una edad media de 65,2 años. El foco infeccioso más frecuente es el respiratorio (55,2%). El índice de gravedad SAPS II medio fue de 37,87 y la mortalidad de 19,7%. La incidencia anual media de las sepsis graves adquiridas en la comunidad ha sido de 51,54 episodios por 100.000 habitantes, precisando 1,97 camas de UCI/día. En el análisis multivariante el SAPS II y tener etiología conocida se muestran como factores de riesgo de mortalidad. Conclusiones: El estudio aporta datos epidemiológicos desde una perspectiva de base poblacional que contribuyen a cuantificar la necesidad de recursos asistenciales para atender la sepsis grave adquirida en la comunidad en nuestra área geográfica. La incidencia anual media es de 51,5 casos por 100.000 habitantes adultos, lo que supone la necesidad de disponer de 2 camas de UCI/día para atender a dicha población (AU)

Background and objective: Most studies aimed at getting to know the incidence of severe sepsis have methodological limitations which condition results that are difficult to compare and are inapplicable when it comes to estimating the necessary resources. Our objective is to evaluate the incidence and epidemiological aspects of community-acquired severe sepsis which require intensive care unit admission. Patients and method: Prospective observational population-based study in a population of 180,000 adults over 15 years old and a general hospital with 350 beds and 14 ICU beds. All episodes of community-acquired infection requiring admission to ICU due to severe sepsis were registered over a period of 9 years. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, SAPS II score, length of stay in ICU, type of infection, isolated microorganism, and deaths during their ICU admission. A statistical bivariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression were performed. Results: Nine hundred and seventeen episodes with an average age of 65.2 years. The most frequent infectious focus was pulmonary (55.2%). The average SAPS II severity score index was 37.87 and mortality 19.7%. The annual incidence was 51.54 episodes per 100,000 adult inhabitants, meaning 1.97 ICU beds per day. In the multivariate analysis, the SAPS II score and a known aetiology were demonstrated as mortality risk factors. Conclusions: This study brings us some epidemiological data from a population-based perspective which help us to care for patients better in our geographical area. The average annual incidence is 51.5 cases per 100,000 adult inhabitants which means that 2 ICU beds per day to attend this population (AU)

[Epidemiology of community-acquired severe sepsis. A population-based study]. / Epidemiología de la sepsis grave adquirida en la comunidad. Estudio de base poblacional.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Most studies aimed at getting to know the incidence of severe sepsis have methodological limitations which condition results that are difficult to compare and are inapplicable when it comes to estimating the necessary resources. Our objective is to evaluate the incidence and epidemiological aspects of community-acquired severe sepsis which require intensive care unit admission. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Prospective observational population-based study in a population of 180,000 adults over 15 years old and a general hospital with 350 beds and 14 ICU beds. All episodes of community-acquired infection requiring admission to ICU due to severe sepsis were registered over a period of 9 years. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, SAPS II score, length of stay in ICU, type of infection, isolated microorganism, and deaths during their ICU admission. A statistical bivariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: Nine hundred and seventeen episodes with an average age of 65.2 years. The most frequent infectious focus was pulmonary (55.2%). The average SAPS II severity score index was 37.87 and mortality 19.7%. The annual incidence was 51.54 episodes per 100,000 adult inhabitants, meaning 1.97 ICU beds per day. In the multivariate analysis, the SAPS II score and a known aetiology were demonstrated as mortality risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study brings us some epidemiological data from a population-based perspective which help us to care for patients better in our geographical area. The average annual incidence is 51.5 cases per 100,000 adult inhabitants which means that 2 ICU beds per day to attend this population.

Mortality among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriers in long-term care facilities / Mortalidad entre los portadores de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina en centros sociosanitarios

Introduction. Little is known about the natural course of patients with chronic stable illnesses colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The aim is to determine the impact of MRSA colonization in mortality among long-term health care facility (LTHCF) residents. Method. A multicenter, prospective, observational study was designed. Residents in 4 LTHCFs were classified according to MRSA carriage status and followed for 12 months. Treatment consisted of 5 days of nasal mupirocin in MRSA carriers. Results. Ninety-three MRSA-carriers among 413 residents were identified. Thirty-one MRSA-colonized patients died during the study period, 11 of whom from an infectious disease. Independent predictors of their higher mortality rates included heart failure, current neoplasm, MRSA carriage and COPD at 3 months and these same factors plus stroke, Barthel index (AU)

Introducción. La evolución natural de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas y estables que son colonizados con Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM) es poco conocida. El objetivo es determinar el impacto de la colonización por SARM en la mortalidad entre los residentes de centros sociosanitarios (CSS). Métodos. Se diseñó un estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo y observacional. Los residentes de 4 CSS tras ser clasificados según su estado de portador de SARM, fueron sometidos a seguimiento durante 12 meses. Los portadores fueron tratados 5 días con mupirocina nasal. Resultados. Entre 413 residentes se identificaron 93 portadores. Durante el período de estudio murieron 31 colonizados, 11 de los cuales por infección. Predictores independientes de mortalidad incluyeron, a los 3 meses: insuficiencia cardíaca, neoplasia activa, colonización por SARM y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica; a los 12 meses incluyeron estos mismos factores y además: ictus, índice de Barthel (AU)

[Use of peripheral catheters: too much to learn]. / El catéter periférico: el gran olvidado de la infección nosocomial.

Frequently incident complications due to the use of peripheral catheters are considered not relevant. However, recently multiple observational studies have demonstrated its role causing nosocomial bacteraemia. Guidelines about prevention of catheter-related infection are focused in central lines instead of peripheral ones. This approach causes an important lack of knowledge about the best manner to manipulate peripheral lines. Risk factors related to the development of a peripheral phlebitis, its clinical relevance and doubts related to prevention are presented and discussed in this article. The main objective is to alert about the importance of peripheral catheters in the prevention of nosocomial infection.

El catéter periférico: el gran olvidado de la infección nosocomial / Use of peripheral catheters: too much to learn

Las complicaciones derivadas del uso de catéteres venosos periféricos a menudo no se tienen en consideración o se consideran como menores. Actualmente diversos estudios observacionales han puesto de manifiesto la importancia creciente de las vías periféricas como causa de bacteriemia nosocomial. Las guías actuales sobre la prevención de la infección por catéter venoso son poco explicitas y con escasa evidencia científica en cuanto a las recomendaciones de manejo de los catéteres periféricos en contraposición a los centrales. En este artículo se repasan los principales factores de riesgo de flebitis periférica, su importancia clínica y las controversias existentes en cuanto a su prevención y manejo en base a la mejor evidencia científica. El objetivo final es concienciar a los profesionales sanitarios sobre la importancia del catéter periférico en la prevención de la infección nosocomial(AU)

Frequently incident complications due to the use of peripheral catheters are considered not relevant. However, recently multiple observational studies have demonstrated its role causing nosocomial bacteraemia. Guidelines about prevention of catheter-related infection are focused in central lines instead of peripheral ones. This approach causes an important lack of knowledge about the best manner to manipulate peripheral lines, Risk factors related to the development of a peripheral phlebitis, its clinical relevance and doubts related to prevention are presented and discussed in this article. The main objective is to alert about the importance of peripheral catheters in the prevention of nosocomial infection(AU)

Fe de errores de “Disfagia en un paciente magrebí de 33 años” / No disponible

No disponible

Resistance to the migration of microorganisms of a needle-free disinfectable connector.

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a disinfectable needle-free connector in reducing the pass of micro-organisms to the lumen of the catheter. A prospective, controlled, experimental trial was performed in which a laboratory model simulated the insertion of a peripheral venous catheter. Catheters inserted in sterile conditions in a hemoculture bottle were closed with the disinfectable needle-free connector (study group) or with a cap (control group). After 9 days of contamination and manipulation of the connector and cap external surfaces, 100% of bottles in the control group were contaminated whereas 60% remained sterile in the study group. The disinfectable needle-free connector showed more resistance to the pass of microorganisms than the conventional cap according to our experimental model.